Under the negative pressure generated by the fan, the dust-laden gas is drawn into the water filtration unit, where it comes into close contact with the liquid (typically water). The dust particles are captured through inertial collisions with water droplets and other mechanisms, which can agglomerate the particles and increase their size.

This system effectively removes liquid or solid particles with diameters ranging from 3 to 30 μm and can also eliminate some gaseous pollutants. Additionally, as the water flows upward with the airflow, gas-liquid separation is achieved with the combined action of the water deflector and mist elimination unit. The water then returns to the water tank, allowing for a pump-free water circulation system. The purification efficiency for dust particles larger than 10 μm can reach over 90%.

The system can be widely applied in industries such as chemicals, machinery, painting, glazing, and pigments, where dust containing moisture, viscosity, and flammable or explosive properties is generated.